A recent study by the University of Ottawa suggests that the severe drought and unprecedented heat this summer may impact the fall migration of the endangered monarch butterfly. Researchers warn that the extreme weather conditions could be hindering the production of nectar essential for the monarchs’ journey to Mexico.
Associate professor Heather Kharouba emphasized that climate change is a significant factor affecting the monarch population, with adverse weather conditions having a noticeable impact on their well-being. The monarch butterfly, a species widespread across Canada except in Newfoundland and Labrador, has been classified as endangered by Climate Change and Environment Canada since December 2023.
To investigate the effects of warming temperatures on the plants crucial for monarch survival, the university collaborated with the government agency. In a research initiative led by Kharouba and master’s student Jenna Boomhower, netted cages were placed around various plant species at a farm in Kinburn to simulate climate change-induced temperature changes.
Boomhower highlighted the importance of understanding how plant behavior alters under elevated temperatures. The study revealed that the recent heatwaves caused temperatures inside the mini-greenhouses to rise significantly, affecting the quality of nectar available to the monarch butterflies.
The arid conditions resulting from the drought have further complicated the study, causing challenges for both the plants and the butterflies. The thickening of nectar due to lack of moisture poses difficulties for the monarchs in extracting the essential energy source.
Despite these challenges, the researchers are conducting detailed analyses of their findings until September 15. They have bred over 300 monarchs for further examination, with the remainder being released for migration. The study aims to provide valuable insights into how monarch butterflies adapt to changing environmental conditions, aiding in their conservation efforts.