Canada’s population decreased by approximately 55,000 individuals in the initial quarter of this year, as revealed by the latest data from Statistics Canada. The estimated population as of April 1 stood at 41,417,056, showing a 0.1 percent decline attributed to reductions in both immigration numbers and births compared to deaths, the agency reported. This trend follows a previous year where the population also experienced an overall decline.
The first quarter of 2026 witnessed a 20 percent drop in permanent immigrants in Canada compared to the same period in the previous year, with figures falling from 104,210 in 2025 to 83,149. Additionally, the number of non-permanent residents decreased by over 117,000, although Statistics Canada cautioned that these initial estimates might be subject to updates due to evolving international migration policies.
The “natural increase” in population, which occurs when births exceed deaths, actually saw a decline in the first quarter, with 155 more deaths than births recorded across the country. These population shifts have had repercussions on the economy, with recent data indicating struggles in Canada’s economic performance.
National Bank of Canada’s chief economist, Stéfane Marion, highlighted the impact of the declining population on indicators like gross domestic product (GDP). The diminished immigration rates have influenced the size of the economic “pie,” with fewer immigrants contributing to a smaller overall pie size, despite potentially resulting in a larger per-person share.
Economist Mikal Skuterud emphasized the need for a collective effort to boost economic growth beyond simply increasing immigration levels. He pointed out that the share of GDP per person has risen as the population has decreased in Canada. Both Marion and Skuterud suggested that the solution for future economic growth might require diverse contributions from various sectors.
Moreover, the decrease in international students has also been a contributing factor to the economic and population shifts in Canada. Marion noted that global uncertainties and challenges accessing the U.S. market have hindered Canada’s economic performance. The decline in business investment, coupled with the reduced numbers of foreign students, has impacted the country’s ability to absorb immigration and create job opportunities.
While Alberta continues to experience population growth, provinces like Ontario and British Columbia have seen a larger decline in temporary residents compared to permanent immigrants. Alberta’s growth has been sustained by an increase in interprovincial migration and a higher birth rate. Marion highlighted the role of temporary workers and students in the population changes in B.C. and Ontario, where fewer permanent immigrants have moved in compared to the number of temporary foreign workers and students leaving.
In conclusion, the intricate dynamics of population shifts, immigration policies, and economic factors are shaping Canada’s current landscape, requiring a holistic approach to drive sustainable growth in the future.